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ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF STATE, CENTRE & OTHER STAKEHOLDERS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Roles & Responsibilities of state in disaster management

1. The State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) is set up under the chairmanship of chief minister.
2. The responsibility of rescue, relief and rehabilitation lies with the state government.
3. When the calamity is of a severe nature and the Calamity Relief Fund (CRF) is not sufficient the states may approach the central government for additional assistance from the National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF).
4. Work is delegated to the relief commissioner who is in-charge of relief and rehabilitation measures. He functions under the directive of the state level committee.
5. Below the state government is the district level disaster management authority (DDMA) which is responsible for actual  the ground work relief. The district magistrate, district collector and deputy commissioner coordinate and supervise the relief work.
6. The district disaster management committee comprising of officers from health, irrigation, veterinary, police, fire services, water and sanitation takes decisions on relief measures and these decisions are carried out by the disaster management team.
   

Roles & Responsibilities of centre in disaster management

1. The central government supplements the efforts of the state government by providing financial and logistic support in case of major disasters.
2. Depending on the gravity of the situation, the centre decides the scale of operations.
3. All natural disasters are coordinated by the ministry of home affairs. Only drought is taken care of by the ministry of agriculture
4. Different types of man-nade disasters are handled by the respective central government ministries. For example - Air accidents are handled by ministry of civil aviation, railway accidents are handled by ministry of railways, chemical, biological and nuclear disasters are handled by ministry of home affairs and epidemics are handled by ministry of health and family affairs.
5. The prime minister, ministers of the union cabinet and the National Crisis Management Committee are collectively responsible for the decisions taken for disaster management.

Roles & Responsibilities of other stakeholders in disaster management
Other stakeholders refers to people or entities who have a financial interest. They can be affected by actions, objectives and policies. Some examples of stakeholders are creditors, company directors, employees, owners (shareholders), suppliers and unions from which the business draws its resources. The stakeholders may be internal (employees, manager, owner) or external (Suppliers, Society, Government, Creditors, Shareholders, Customers). When a disaster strikes an area causing extensive damage to private company buildings and or manufacturing industries, the stakeholders have a few roles and responsibilities as listed below-

1. The stakeholders should engage in contingency planning taking worst case scenario under consideration
2. Disaster Risk Management (DRM) present mechanisms for emergency coordination that should be practiced/rehersed for familiarity with the role and processes to be followed
3. Communication, Interoperability and Interagency coordination are critical and essential to everyday Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
4. Each stakeholder has responsibilities in different phases of disaster
5. Stakeholders promote disaster prevention and mitigation using a risk-based and all-hazards approach
6. The community is the most important stakeholder in the disaster management process
7. Mock drills and exercises for different disasters are essential for role clarity of stakeholders and for synergising coordination of various emergency support functions
8. Coordination of efforts amongst various government departments and stakeholders generates synergy and involves bringing together agencies and functionaries to ensure effective performance